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(33).I. Halfin, ,Intimacy in an Ideological Key: The Communist Case of the 1920s and 1930s, , in same author（ed.）, Language and Revolution: Making Modern Political Identities（London, 2002）, pp. 187–8.
(34).L. Trotsky, Problems of Everyday Life: Creating the Foundations of a New Society in Revolutionary Russia（London, 1973）, p. 72; A. Inkeles and R. Bauer, The Soviet Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society（Cambridge, Mass., 1959）, p. 205.
(35).Trotsky, Problems of Everyday Life, p. 48.
(36).MSP, f. 3, op. 16, d. 2, ll. 2, 7, 46–62.
(37).See O. Figes, Natasha, s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia（London, 2002）, pp. 119–30.
(38).MSP, f. 3, op. 18, d. 2, ll. 24, 26.
(39).MSP, f. 3, op. 12, d. 2, l. 15.
(40).E. Bonner, Mothers and Daughters（London, 1992）, pp. 40, 46, 61–2, 101.
(41).Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism, p. 131.
(42).V. Maiakovskii, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, 13 vols.（Moscow, 1955–61）, vol. 2, pp. 74–5.
(43).V. Dunham, In Stalin, s Time: Middle-Class Values in Soviet Fiction（Durham, 1990）, p. 64 （为剥清晰，译文略有调整）.
(44).W. Rosenberg（ed.）, Bolshevik Visions: First Phase of the Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia, 2 vols.（Ann Arbor, 1990）, vol. 1, p. 37（为剥清晰，译文略有调整）.
(45).MM, f. 1, op. 1, dd. 167, 169; f. 12, op. 27, d. 2, ll. 47–54.
(46).MSP, f. 3, op. 47, d. 2, ll. 32–3, 59–64; d. 3, ll. 1–6; L. El, iashova, My ukhodim, my ostaemsia. Kniga 1: Dedy, ottsy（St Petersburg, 2001）, pp. 191–4.
(47).OR RNB, f. 1156, d. 597, ll. 3, 14; IISH, Vojtinskij, No. 11（Box 3, file 5/b）; VOFA, A. Levidova,,Vospominaniia, , ms., p. 11; interview with Ada Levidova, St Petersburg, May 2004.
(48).OR RNB, f. 1156, d. 576, ll. 4, 12–19; d. 577, l. 1; d. 597, l. 51; VOFA, A. Levidova, ,Vospominaniia, , ms., p. 12.
(49).V. Zenzinov, Deserted: The Story of the Children Abandoned in Soviet Russia（London, 1931）, p. 27.
(50).A. Lunacharskii, O narodnom obrazovanii（Moscow, 1948）, p. 445.
(51).E. M. Balashov, Shkola v rossiiskom obshchestve 1917–1927 gg. Stanovlenie ,novogo cheloveka, （St Petersburg, 2003）, p. 33; J. Ceton, School en kind in Sowjet-Rusland（Amsterdam, 1921）, p. 3. 关于骆儿园的工作和游戏，参见：L. Kirschenbaum, Small Comrades: Revolutionizing Childhood in Soviet Russia, 1917–32（New York, 2001）, pp. 120–23。
(52).MP, f. 4, op. 18, d. 2, ll. 1–2; RGAE, f. 9455, op. 2, d. 154; L. Holmes, ,Part of History: The Oral Record and Moscow, s Model School No. 25, 1931–1937, , Slavic Review, 56（Summer 1997）, pp. 281–3; S. Fitzpatrick, Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union 1921–1934（Cambridge, 1979）, p. 27; SFA, I. Slavina, ,Tonen, kii nerv istorii, , ms., p. 16.
(53).RGAE, f. 9455, op. 2, d. 30, ll. 241–56; d. 51, ll. 113–14; d. 154, ll. 47–8.
(54).RGAE, f. 9455, op. 2, d. 154, l. 397; d. 155, ll. 5, 8, 9, 15; d. 156, ll. 11–12, 171; d.157, ll. 98–103.
(55).R. Berg, Sukhovei: vospominaniia genetika（Moscow, 2003）, p. 29.
(56).A. Mar, ian, Gody moi, kak soldaty: dnevnik sel, skogo aktivista, 1925–1953 gg.（Kishinev, 1987）, p. 17; E. Liusin, Pis, mo – vospominaniia o prozhitykh godakh（Kaluga, 2002）, pp. 18–19. See further C. Kelly, ,Byt, Identity and Everyday Life, , in S. Franklin and E. Widdis（eds.）, National Identity in Russian Culture: An Introduction（Cambridge, 2004）, pp. 157–67.
(57).Balashov, Shkola v rossiiskom obshchestve, p. 137.
(58).MSP, f. 3, op. 37, d. 2, ll. 8–9; op. 14, d. 3, ll. 24–6; MP, f. 4, op. 24, d. 2, ll. 41–2; op. 3, d. 2, l. 24; V. Frid, 58?: zapiski lagernogo pridurka（Moscow, 1996）, p. 89.
(59).MSP, f. 3, op. 8, d. 2, ll. 1, 7; MP, f. 4, op. 9, d. 2, ll. 11–12.
(60).C. Kelly, ,Shaping the ,,Future Race,, : Regulating the Daily Life of Children in Early Soviet Russia, , in C. Kaier and E. Naiman（eds.）, Everyday Life in Early Soviet Russia: Taking the Revolution Inside（Bloomington, 2006）, p. 262; Rosenberg, Bolshevik Visions, vol. 2, p. 86; MP, f. 4, op. 24, d. 2, l. 43.
(61).Interview with Vasily Romashkin, Norilsk, July 2004.
(62).Interview with Ida Slavina, Cologne, June 2003.
(63).MSP, f. 3, op. 17, d. 2, l. 8.
(64).P. Kenez, The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, 1917–1929（Cambridge, 1985）, pp. 168–9.
(65).N. Vishniakova, Dnevnik Niny Vishniakovy（Sverdlovsk, 1990）, pp. 28–9.
(66).E. Dolmatovskii, Bylo: zapiski poeta（Moscow, 1982）, pp. 22–3.
(67).V. Pirozhkova, Poteriannoe pokolenie（St Petersburg, 1998）, pp. 46–7.
(68).Interview with Vasily Romashkin, Norilsk, July 2004; D. Hoffman, Stalinist Values: The Cultural Norms of Stalinist Modernity（Cornell, 2003）, pp. 121–2.
(69).M. Baitalsky, Notebooks for the Grandchildren: Recollections of a Trotskyist Who Survived the Stalin Terror（New Jersey, 1995）, pp. 56, 68, 71 （为剥清晰，译文略有调整）.
(70).Lebina, Povsednevnaia zhizn, , p. 274.
(71).Baitalsky, Notebooks for the Grandchildren, pp. 94–6, 161–2.
(72).Stalin, Sochineniia, vol. 6, p. 46; Partiinaia etika, p. 287.
(73).M. Rubinshtein, Sotsial, no-pravovye predstavleniia i samoupravleniia u detei（Moscow, 1925）, pp. 69–70.
(74).Partiinaia etika, p. 329.
(75).O. Khakhordin, The Collective and the Individual in Russia: A Study of Practices（Berkeley, 1999）, pp. 35–74, 212–28. 同理，“无产阶级觉悟”也需要证据，即在思想上对纯的事业的承诺。光是出瓣于无产阶级还是不够的，因为很多工人阶级出瓣的人，养成了“小资产阶级”的心汰。
(76).L. Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union（London, 1970）, p. 385.,
(77).See further I. Halfin, ,From Darkness to Light: Student Communist Autobiography DuringNEP, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 45（1997）, pp. 210–36; same author, Terror in My Soul: Communist Autobiographies on Trial（Cambridge, Mass., 2003）.
(78).Khakhordin, The Collective and the Individual in Russia, pp. 123–5.
(79).V. Kozlov, ,Denunciation and Its Functions in Soviet Governance,:A Study of Denunications and Their Bureaucratic Handling from Soviet Police Archives, 1944–1953, Journal of Modern History, 68（Decem, ber 1996）, p. 867; C. Hooper, ,Terror from Within: Participation and Coercion in Soviet Power, 1924–6, 4（Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, 2003）, p. 13.
(80).XIV sezd VKP(b）: stenograficheskii otchet（Moscow, 1926）, p. 600.
(81).Ibid., p. 615.
(82).Bonner, Mothers and Daughters, p. 148.
